What is a DATABASE?
A database is an organised collection of records or data stored on a computer or a file system and accessed in number of ways. Large databases are typically hosted on clusters or cloud. A database can have both Structured as well as Unstructured Data.
The most popular databases used in 2022.
MySQL
MySQL is one of the world’s most popular open source database. It is powered by high performance, reliability and ease-of-use.
It is popularly used for web-based applications and E-Commerce. MySQL is used by popular companies like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Yahoo! and many more.
It has a multithreaded SQL server that supports multiple back ends/programs, many client programs and libraries, administrative tools, and a wide range of application APIs.
MySQL is written in C and C++. MySQL was founded by David Axmark, Allan Larsson and Michael “Monty” Widenius.
Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft, that can be used both with Windows and Linux containers. Was written in C++ and its first version was released on April 24, 1989.
It is characterised by powerful features of Maximum Availability (in terms of mission-critical uptime, fast failover) by enabling fast and consistent database recovery independent of the number of active transactions and Encrypted Data Enclaves.
It breaks data silos (without moving or replicating the data), can be used with both Structured and Unstructured Data and applies AI (Artificial Intelligence) across all your data.
MongoDB
MongoDB is one of the most popular NoSQL Document-Based databases (stores data in JSON like Documents) that handles Unstructured Data very well. It is very flexible and scales very easily. It is written in C++, Javascript and Python and was released on February 11, 2009.
MongoDB provides high availability with multiple copies of data. It supports field, range query and REGEX (Regular Expression) searches. MongoDB is available for all the major Operating Systems like Windows Vista and later, Linux, OS X 10.7 and later, Solaris, FreeBSD
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is a free, powerful and open-source object-relational database system that is characterised by ACID properties- atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability . It is compliant with SQL. PostgreSQL comes with many features aimed to help developers build applications.
It is designed in a way that facilitates protection of data integrity and handle quite a bit of range of workloads. It has a fault tolerant environment.
PostgreSQL evolved from the Ingres project at the University of California, Berkeley and was named PostgreSQL in 1996 to reflect its support for SQL. It was written in C and is the default database for macOS Server. It is also available for other operating systems like Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD.
SQLite
SQLite is a C-language library that implements a small, fast, self-contained, high-reliability, full-featured, SQL database engine. It is a cross platform database and belongs to the family of Embedded Databases.
SQLite is the most used database engine in the world as it is used by many web browsers, mobile phones, web browsers and other embedded systems. SQLite source code is in the public-domain and is free to everyone to use for any purpose.
It generally follows PostgreSQL syntax but does not enforce type checking. For example, we can insert a character into a column defined as a numeric.
Redis
The name Redis means Remote Dictionary Server. It is an open-source, in-memory data structure store, used as a database, cache and message broker with option durability. It supports data structures such as strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets with range queries, bitmaps, hyperloglogs, geospatial indexes with radius queries and streams.
To achieve top performance, Redis works with an in-memory dataset. Redis was written in C and was developed by Salvatore Sanfilippo. Its initial release was in May 2009. It works in most POSIX systems like Linux, *BSD, OS X without external dependencies. In June 2020, Salvatore Sanfilippo stepped down as Redis maintainer.
Redis popularized the idea of a system that can be considered at the same time a store and a cache, using a design where data is always modified and read from the main computer memory, but also stored on disk in a format that is unsuitable for random access of data, but only to reconstruct the data back in memory once the system restarts. At the same time, Redis provides a data model that is very unusual compared to a relational database management system (RDBMS).
It is one of the most popular databases and was voted most loved database in the Stack Overflow Developer Survey in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. According to monthly DB-Engines rankings, Redis is often the most popular key–value database.
Oracle Database
Oracle Database is a multi-model database management system commonly used for running all types of workloads like online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW).
It was developed by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates in Assembly language, C and C++. First release was in 1979. Oracle is available by several service providers On-Premise, On-Cloud or as hybrid cloud installation. Supports high scalability and all data types, both structured and unstructured data.
Firebase
Firebase is an application development platform for building iOS, Android and Web Applications. It was originally an independent company founded in 2011 by James Tamplin and Andrew Lee, but later got acquired by Google in 2014.
Firebase is a NoSQL Realtime, multi-node and key-value Database (cloud-storage) optimised for constant synchronisation of the data between Apps/Computers and the cloud storage. Firebase assists software developers in building real-time, collaborative applications.
It is an API that synchronises application data across iOS, Android, and Web devices, and stores it on Firebase’s cloud. The Synchronisation is facilitated by data caching in a device memory and once it is connected to the Internet, Firebase synchronises changes or updates between local copies of data on machines with versions stored in the cloud. This gives it a great advantage of working in an offline mode.
Elasticsearch
Elasticsearch is a distributed, Multi-tenant, RESTful full text search and analytics engine with an HTTP web interface and schema free JSON documents. It addresses lot of use cases and applications like log analysis, business and operations analytics, text search etc. It was developed by Shay Banon, written in Java and is well supported across platforms (operating systems) and was first released in Feb, 2010.
Elasticsearch is characterised by speed and scalability and is used for application and website search, logging and log analytics, performance monitoring, security intelligence etc.
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